For example, the first human BBI demonstrated by Rao and colleagues in 2013 2 decoded motor intention signals using EEG in the Sender and conveyed the intention via TMS directly to the motor cortex of the Receiver to complete a visual-motor task 1. Stocco and colleagues 5 extended these results by showing that a Sender and a Receiver can iteratively exchange information using a BBI to identify an unknown object from a list, using a question-and-answer paradigm akin to “20 Questions.” Grau and colleagues 4 proposed a related but offline non-iterative BBI.Įarly interest in human BBIs came from the potential for expanding human communication and social interaction capabilities 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. However, previous BBIs have lacked several key features of real-world human communication.
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